Mike O'Brien \ Blog

Thursday, July 19, 2007

3.091 - Introduction to Solid State Chemistry Lecture Notes

I will be posting my lecture notes from the Fall 2005 3.091 lectures (Introduction to Solid State Chemistry, MIT). Mainly I will be doing this for my own benefit, as expressing something you just learned helps with retention and comprehension, but maybe others will find them helpful as well. I will only be including notes relevant to the subject, not any auxiliary info (viz. administrative info). As I post notes they will be linked to in the following table.

Lecture 1	Vision Statement, Administrative Details. Introduction. Taxonomy of chemical species. Origins of modern chemistry. Reading : Ch. 1.
Lecture 2	Classification schemes for the elements. Mendeleyev and the Periodic Table. Atomic structure. Reading : Ch. 1, Ch. 2, Appendix A, Elemental Bibliography .
Lecture 3	Rutherford model of the atom, Bohr model of hydrogen. Reading : Ch. 3.1, 3.5-3.8 (text); LN 1, pp. 2-5 (archives).
Lecture 4	Atomic spectra of hydrogen, matter/energy interactions involving atomic hydrogen. Reading : Ch. 3.3, 3.4, 3.9, 3.10 (text); LN 1, pp. 5-16 ( archives ), Cecilia Payne.
Lecture 5	The Shell Model (Bohr- Sommerfeld Model) and multi-electron atoms. Quantum numbers: n, l, m, s. Reading: Ch. 3.2, 3.10-3.12, 3.15-3.18 (text); LN 1 (archives ).
Lecture 6	De Broglie , Heisenberg, and Schrödinger. The Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rules. Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Average Valence Electron Energy. Reading : Ch. 3.24, 3.25, 5.1-5.7, 5.10 (text); LN 2 ( archives ).
Lecture 7	Octet stability by electron transfer: ionic bonding. Properties of ionic compounds: crystal lattice energy. Reading : Ch. 5.1-5.7, 5.10 (text); LN 2, pp. 1-12 (archives).
Lecture 8	Born- Haber cycle. Octet stability by electron sharing: covalent bonding. Lewis structures. Hybridization. Reading : Ch. 4.1-4.7, 4.10-4.12, 4.17 (text).
Lecture 9	Electronegativity , partial charge, polar bonds and polar molecules. Ionic character of covalent bonds, Pauling's calculation of heteronuclear bond energies. Reading : Ch. 5.7, 5.10, 4A.1, 4A.3 (text).
Lecture 10	LCAO MO, Energy Level Diagrams for H 2 , He 2 , Li 2 . Hybridization, double bonds and triple bonds, paramagnetism and diamagetism . Reading : Ch. 4A.1-4A.4, 14-4-14.6, 8.2, 8.9 (text); LN 2, pp.12- end (archives).
Lecture 11	The Shapes of Molecules, Electron Domain Theory, Secondary Bonding. Reading : Ch. 4.14, 4.15 (text).
Lecture 12	Metallic Bonding, Band Theory of Solids ( Heitler and London ), Band Gaps in Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators, Absorption Edge of a Semiconductor. Reading : Ch. 5.9-5.11, 9.4 (text); M.12 (modules); LN 2, pp. 25-26, LN 3 ( archives ).
Lecture 13	Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Doping, Compound Semiconductors, Molten Semiconductors. Reading : M.12 (modules); LN 3 ( archives ).
Lecture 14	Introduction to the Solid State , the 7 Crystal Systems, the 14 Bravais Lattices. Reading : 9.6-9.12 (text), M.1-M.4, M.8 (modules); pp. 3-11 (supplement); LN 4 ( archives ).
Lecture 15	Properties of Cubic Crystals : simple cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, diamond cubic. Crystal coordinate systems, Miller indices. Reading : 9.6-9.12 (text); M.1-M.6 (modules); pp. 3-23; 150-155; 167-174 (supplement); LN 4 (archives).
Lecture 16	Characterization of atomic structure: the generation of x-rays and Moseley's Law. Reading : pp. 139-141; 144-149; 175-181 (supplement); LN 5, pp. 1-9 ( archives ).
Lecture 17	X-ray spectra, Bragg's Law. Reading : pp. 26-31; 186-191 (supplement); LN 5 (archives).
Lecture 18	X-ray diffraction of crystals: diffractometry , Debye-Scherrer , Laue . Crystal symmetry. Reading : pp. 26-31 (supplement); LN 5 ( archives ).
Lecture 19	Defects in crystals: point defects, line defects, interfacial defects, voids. Reading : M.11 (modules); pp. 39-43, 47-53 (supplement); LN 6 ( archives ).
Lecture 20	Amorphous solids, glass formation, inorganic glasses: silicates. Reading : 9.1, 9.2 (text); M.15 (modules); pp. 31-32 (supplement); LN 7, pp. 1-3, 5-9 ( archives ).
Lecture 21	Engineered glasses: network formers, network modifiers, intermediates. Properties of silicate glasses. Metallic glass. Reading : 9.1, 9.2 (text); M.15 (modules); pp. 31-32 (supplement); LN 7, pp. 1-3, 5-9 ( archives ).
Lecture 22	Chemical kinetics: the rate equation, order of reaction, rate laws for zeroth , first, and second order reactions. Temperature dependence of rate of reaction. Reading :10.1 -10.4, 14.1-14.8, 14.10, 14.11 (text); LN 8 ( archives ).
Lecture 23	Diffusion: Fick's First Law and steady-state diffusion, dependence of the diffusion coefficient on temperature and on atomic arrangement. Reading : pp. 63-68; 85-95 (supplement); LN 9, pp. 1-6 ( archives ).
Lecture 24	Fick's Second Law ( FSL ) and transient-state diffusion; error function solutions to FSL . Reading : pp. 68-78, 95-101 (supplement); LN 9, all (archives).
Lecture 25	Solutions: solute, solvent, solution, solubility rules, solubility product. Reading : 8.10-8.13, 8.15 (text); SOL.1-SOL.10 (modules).
Lecture 26	Acids and Bases: Arrhenius , Brønsted -Lowry, and Lewis definitions, acid strength and pH. Reading : Ch. 11 (text).
Lecture 27	Organic chemistry: basic concepts, alkanes , alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, functional groups, alcohols and ethers, aldehydes and ketones , esters, amines. Reading : O1.1-O1.7, O1.10-O1.11, O1.13, O1.14, O2.1, O2.3, O2.4 (modules).
Lecture 28	Polymers: synthesis by addition polymerization and by condensation polymerization. Reading : P.1-P.3, P.7-P.9 (modules).
Lecture 29	Structure-property relationships in polymers, crystalline polymers. Reading : P.1-P.3, P.7-P.9
Lecture 30	Biochemistry: the amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Reading : BIO.1 - BIO.3; BIO.5
Lecture 31	Protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary; denaturing of proteins. Reading : BIO.6, BIO.9.
Lecture 32	Lipids: self assembly into bilayers . Nucleic acids, DNA, encoding information for protein synthesis. Electrochemistry of batteries and fuel cells. Reading : BIO.6, BIO.9.
Lecture 33	Phase diagrams - basic definitions: phase, component, equilibrium; one-component phase diagrams. Reading : pp. 103-113 (16.1 - 16.3) (supplement); LN 10 Part A 1-3 (archives).
Lecture 34	Two-component phase diagrams: complete solid solubility. Reading : pp. 103-113 (16.1 - 16.3) (supplement); Part B 1-9 (archives).
Lecture 35	Two-component phase diagrams: limited solid solubility. Lever Rule. Reading : pp. 113-119 (16.4) (supplement); LN 10 Part B 1-9 (archives).
Lecture 36	Wrap-up: closing remarks about 3.091. Student Course Evaluations.