Friday, May 09, 2008
Bohr's Seminal Paper's on Atomic Structure & Lectures

I found two good PDF's on the interweb of Bohr's seminal papers (Published in Phil. Mag., 1913) on atomic structure. I couldnt find part 3 unfortunately.

On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules

Part II. – Systems containing only a Single Nucleus

Also Rutherfords papers on the gold foil experiment and large angle scattering of alpha & beta particles that led to Bohr's enunciation of the nuclear/quantized model of the atom.

The Scattering of Αlpha and Βeta Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom (Phil Mag 1911)

The Structure of the Atom (Phil Mag 1914)

Donald Sadoway, MIT, does a really nice job of covering the Bohr model in the following lectures (3.091 Intro to Solid State Chemistry). Requires Real Player (Or Real Alternative if you please).

Lecture 3. Rutherford model of the atom, Bohr model of hydrogen.

Lecture 4. Atomic spectra of hydrogen, matter/energy interactions involving atomic hydrogen.

Lecture 5. The Shell Model (Bohr- Sommerfeld Model) and multi-electron atoms. Quantum numbers: n, l, m, s.

Atomic Physics | Chemistry | Quantum Theory | Bohr | Rutherford
Friday, May 09, 2008 5:11:49 PM (GMT Standard Time, UTC+00:00)  #   |  Comments [0]  | 
 Tuesday, October 30, 2007
Elements/Periodic Table XML/XSL

Below is a simple XML/XSL that displays the period table. The XML contains a number of properties not displayed by the XSL so it can be expanded.

Elements.xml (119.87 KB)
PeriodicTable.xsl (3.73 KB)

Chemistry | Science | XML/XSL
Tuesday, October 30, 2007 4:32:36 PM (GMT Standard Time, UTC+00:00)  #   |  Comments [0]  | 
 Thursday, July 19, 2007
3.091 - Introduction to Solid State Chemistry Lecture Notes

I will be posting my lecture notes from the Fall 2005 3.091 lectures (Introduction to Solid State Chemistry, MIT). Mainly I will be doing this for my own benefit, as expressing something you just learned helps with retention and comprehension, but maybe others will find them helpful as well. I will only be including notes relevant to the subject, not any auxiliary info (viz. administrative info). As I post notes they will be linked to in the following table.

Lecture 1 Vision Statement, Administrative Details. Introduction. Taxonomy of chemical species. Origins of modern chemistry. Reading : Ch. 1.
Lecture 2 Classification schemes for the elements. Mendeleyev and the Periodic Table. Atomic structure. Reading : Ch. 1, Ch. 2, Appendix A, Elemental Bibliography . 
Lecture 3 Rutherford model of the atom, Bohr model of hydrogen. Reading : Ch. 3.1, 3.5-3.8 (text); LN 1, pp. 2-5 (archives).
Lecture 4 Atomic spectra of hydrogen, matter/energy interactions involving atomic hydrogen. Reading : Ch. 3.3, 3.4, 3.9, 3.10 (text); LN 1, pp. 5-16 ( archives ), Cecilia Payne.
Lecture 5 The Shell Model (Bohr- Sommerfeld Model) and multi-electron atoms. Quantum numbers: n, l, m, s. Reading: Ch. 3.2, 3.10-3.12, 3.15-3.18 (text); LN 1 (archives ). 
Lecture 6 De Broglie , Heisenberg, and Schrödinger. The Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rules. Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Average Valence Electron Energy. Reading : Ch. 3.24, 3.25, 5.1-5.7, 5.10 (text); LN 2 ( archives ). 
Lecture 7 Octet stability by electron transfer: ionic bonding. Properties of ionic compounds: crystal lattice energy. Reading : Ch. 5.1-5.7, 5.10 (text); LN 2, pp. 1-12 (archives).
Lecture 8 Born- Haber cycle. Octet stability by electron sharing: covalent bonding. Lewis structures. Hybridization. Reading : Ch. 4.1-4.7, 4.10-4.12, 4.17 (text). 
Lecture 9 Electronegativity , partial charge, polar bonds and polar molecules. Ionic character of covalent bonds, Pauling's calculation of heteronuclear bond energies. Reading : Ch. 5.7, 5.10, 4A.1, 4A.3 (text).
Lecture 10 LCAO MO, Energy Level Diagrams for H 2 , He 2 , Li 2 . Hybridization, double bonds and triple bonds, paramagnetism and diamagetism . Reading : Ch. 4A.1-4A.4, 14-4-14.6, 8.2, 8.9 (text); LN 2, pp.12- end (archives).
Lecture 11 The Shapes of Molecules, Electron Domain Theory, Secondary Bonding. Reading : Ch. 4.14, 4.15 (text).
Lecture 12 Metallic Bonding, Band Theory of Solids ( Heitler and London ), Band Gaps in Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators, Absorption Edge of a Semiconductor. Reading : Ch. 5.9-5.11, 9.4 (text); M.12 (modules); LN 2, pp. 25-26, LN 3 ( archives ).
Lecture 13 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Doping, Compound Semiconductors, Molten Semiconductors. Reading : M.12 (modules); LN 3 ( archives ). 
Lecture 14 Introduction to the Solid State , the 7 Crystal Systems, the 14 Bravais Lattices. Reading : 9.6-9.12 (text), M.1-M.4, M.8 (modules); pp. 3-11 (supplement); LN 4 ( archives ).
Lecture 15 Properties of Cubic Crystals : simple cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, diamond cubic. Crystal coordinate systems, Miller indices. Reading : 9.6-9.12 (text); M.1-M.6 (modules); pp. 3-23; 150-155; 167-174 (supplement); LN 4 (archives).  
Lecture 16 Characterization of atomic structure: the generation of x-rays and Moseley's Law. Reading : pp. 139-141; 144-149; 175-181 (supplement); LN 5, pp. 1-9 ( archives ). 
Lecture 17 X-ray spectra, Bragg's Law. Reading : pp. 26-31; 186-191 (supplement); LN 5 (archives). 
Lecture 18 X-ray diffraction of crystals: diffractometry , Debye-Scherrer , Laue . Crystal symmetry. Reading : pp. 26-31 (supplement); LN 5 ( archives ). 
Lecture 19 Defects in crystals: point defects, line defects, interfacial defects, voids. Reading : M.11 (modules); pp. 39-43, 47-53 (supplement); LN 6 ( archives ). 
Lecture 20 Amorphous solids, glass formation, inorganic glasses: silicates. Reading : 9.1, 9.2 (text); M.15 (modules); pp. 31-32 (supplement); LN 7, pp. 1-3, 5-9 ( archives ). 
Lecture 21 Engineered glasses: network formers, network modifiers, intermediates. Properties of silicate glasses. Metallic glass. Reading : 9.1, 9.2 (text); M.15 (modules); pp. 31-32 (supplement); LN 7, pp. 1-3, 5-9 ( archives ). 
Lecture 22 Chemical kinetics: the rate equation, order of reaction, rate laws for zeroth , first, and second order reactions. Temperature dependence of rate of reaction. Reading :10.1 -10.4, 14.1-14.8, 14.10, 14.11 (text); LN 8 ( archives ). 
Lecture 23 Diffusion: Fick's First Law and steady-state diffusion, dependence of the diffusion coefficient on temperature and on atomic arrangement. Reading : pp. 63-68; 85-95 (supplement); LN 9, pp. 1-6 ( archives ).
Lecture 24 Fick's Second Law ( FSL ) and transient-state diffusion; error function solutions to FSL . Reading : pp. 68-78, 95-101 (supplement); LN 9, all (archives). 
Lecture 25 Solutions: solute, solvent, solution, solubility rules, solubility product. Reading : 8.10-8.13, 8.15 (text); SOL.1-SOL.10 (modules).
Lecture 26 Acids and Bases: Arrhenius , Brønsted -Lowry, and Lewis definitions, acid strength and pH. Reading : Ch. 11 (text). 
Lecture 27 Organic chemistry: basic concepts, alkanes , alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, functional groups, alcohols and ethers, aldehydes and ketones , esters, amines. Reading : O1.1-O1.7, O1.10-O1.11, O1.13, O1.14, O2.1, O2.3, O2.4 (modules). 
Lecture 28 Polymers: synthesis by addition polymerization and by condensation polymerization. Reading : P.1-P.3, P.7-P.9 (modules). 
Lecture 29 Structure-property relationships in polymers, crystalline polymers. Reading : P.1-P.3, P.7-P.9
Lecture 30 Biochemistry: the amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Reading : BIO.1 - BIO.3; BIO.5
Lecture 31 Protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary; denaturing of proteins. Reading : BIO.6, BIO.9. 
Lecture 32 Lipids: self assembly into bilayers . Nucleic acids, DNA, encoding information for protein synthesis. Electrochemistry of batteries and fuel cells. Reading : BIO.6, BIO.9.
Lecture 33 Phase diagrams -   basic definitions: phase, component, equilibrium; one-component phase diagrams.  Reading : pp. 103-113 (16.1 - 16.3) (supplement); LN 10 Part A 1-3 (archives).
Lecture 34 Two-component phase diagrams: complete solid solubility. Reading : pp. 103-113 (16.1 - 16.3) (supplement); Part B 1-9 (archives).
Lecture 35 Two-component phase diagrams: limited solid solubility. Lever Rule. Reading : pp. 113-119 (16.4) (supplement); LN 10 Part B 1-9 (archives).
Lecture 36 Wrap-up: closing remarks about 3.091. Student Course Evaluations.
3.091 Introduction to Solid State Chemistry | Chemistry | MIT | MIT OCW
Thursday, July 19, 2007 2:56:37 PM (GMT Standard Time, UTC+00:00)  #   |  Comments [0]  | 
 Thursday, May 31, 2007
MIT Open Courseware, Part II

A while ago I posted a link to MIT's Open Courseware (OCW) site. Recently I have begun to make use of it and wanted to share some of what I have found. First of all, it rocks! It really is a great resource, especially for those who want to learn about a subject and would like to do self study. I didn’t realize this earlier but a number of the courses also publish videos of the lectures. For example 3.091, "Introduction to Solid State Chemistry" has all 35 lectures posted, thats almost 30 hours of lecture time! These videos (If available) can be found possibly in 3 locations, so keep that in mind. The first is on the OCW site. Browse to the course you are interested in, for example Introduction to Solid State Chemistry. Under the "Lecture Notes" (This label may be a little different between courses) section you will find the video streams and the lecture notes. The second location is on the regular class page. 3.091 has a tab called "Videos" and another called "Archives", both have links to lecture videos and notes. Now the third place you can check, if you want to easily download the videos, is Google Video. Searching for "3.091" brings up all but 2 of the course videos which can be downloaded in in a format that can be played by your video IPod. Actually Google Video has over 450 MIT Lectures available for download! There are also nearly 300 UC Berkeley lectures as well. If you want to download any of the lecture videos (to your hard disk) that are offered as a stream on the MIT website you can use a program like FlashGet to save the stream as a file and then convert the file to what you want. The MIT site publishes RealVideo streams (That use the RTSP protocol).

Other courses that offer video lectures are (To name a few):

Physics - Electricity and Magnetism
Physics - Vibrations and Waves
Physics - Classical Mechanics
Physics - General Relativity
Mathematics - Differential Equations
Mathematics - Linear Algebra
Chemistry - Principles of Chemical Science
Chemistry - Solid Sate Chemistry
Biology - Introductory Biology
Computer System Engineering
Circuits and Electronics
Atomistic Computer Modeling of Materials
Media, Education, and the Marketplace
Electromagnetics and Applications

You may want to look on the course listing to see if there is a newer version of the course as newer ones are periodically added.

The OCW site also offers the course syllabus, study materials, readings, exams and a number of other resources. They offer the option to download the entire course as a zip file so that you don’t have to download the resources individually.

Now a few words about the "Introduction to Solid State Chemistry" (3.091) course... If you are interested in learning about chemistry I would highly recommend the 3.091 course. Donald Sadoway is the lecturer for this course and he does an amazing job! You can tell he loves the subject and he knows it very well. He has a great sense of humor and he really makes the material come alive (At least for me anyways). This course lays an excellent foundation for other areas of study.

Chemistry | Computer Science | Math | Open Source Projects | Science
Thursday, May 31, 2007 3:48:07 PM (GMT Standard Time, UTC+00:00)  #   |  Comments [2]  |